Groundwater | unitracc.de

What Is Groundwater?: <p>(Image: Groundwater conditions in different subsoil strata in accordance with [Lauma83])</p><p>Groundwater is "underground water that fills the cavities of the lithosphere coherently, and moves solely by the force of gravity" [DIN4049-3].</p><p>The appearance of water in the subsurface is directly related to the structure of the subsoil. The appearance of water in the soil is distinguished into:</p><ul><li> <p>Seepage water</p></li> <li> <p>Artesian water</p></li> <li> <p>Groundwater (possible in several groundwater …</p></li></ul>
Groundwater: <div class="clearfix layout-row columns-2"><div class="layout-column first column-1"><div><p>The image shows a standard groundwater situation in the soil. It is distinguished between the unsaturated soil zone, which does not contain any groundwater, but is saturated by precipitation water, and the area of the capillary fringe that, depending on the individual soil condition, is heavily saturated.</p><p>In the area of the aquifer, the soil zone is entirely saturated, and under hydrostatic pressure.</p></div></div><div class="layout-column last column-2"><div>(Image: Groundwater situation in the soil)</div></div></div>
Groundwater Layers: <p>(Image: Aquifer confined/unconfined)</p><p>In groundwater layers, the first aquifer is always an <strong>unconfined aquifer</strong>, whereas all other aquifers are normally <strong>confined aquifers</strong>.</p><p>Whereas the pressure conditions in unconfined aquifers are determined by the free hydrostatic pressure, and the flow velocity is subject to the hydraulic gradient, the situation is different for confined aquifers.</p><p>There, the groundwater is under a higher pressure and, as a result of …</p>
Groundwater Distribution in the Soil: <div class="clearfix layout-row columns-2"><div class="layout-column first column-1"><div><p>The movement of free water through the soil, which can be caused by acting gravity forces or consolidation processes, for example, takes place in the existing pore space.</p></div></div><div class="layout-column last column-2"><div>(Image: Pore cavity in the soil [Hölti96])</div></div><div class="visible-web"><p/></div><div class="visible-pdf">Animation: Distribution of water in the soil (according to Hölting, 1994) [Animation: visaplan GmbH]. This interactive object is only visible in the online version of the module.</div></div><p>(Video: Distribution of water in the soil according to Hölting)</p>
Water Permeability of Soil: <p>(Image: Example of a water pressure course as a result of the in situ groundwater)</p><p>The <strong>water permeability</strong> of the soil is a decisive factor for a structural assessment (in addition to the <strong>degree of</strong> the acting <strong>hydrostatic pressure</strong>).</p><p>It results from the type and condition of the in situ soil. However, possible subsequent layers with different degrees of permeability are to be taken into consideration.</p>